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Last revised: Mon, 27 Jun 2022 11:02:41 GMT

31NiCrMo13-4

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General Information

Oil hardening steel for quench and tempering. Used for large axles, rock drilling equipment or other components that require high tensile strength in combination with high toughness.

-Can be flame or induction hardened

-Weldable under certain conditions

-Through hardenability corresponding to a bar with approx. 130mm diameter (oil quenching)

-Delivered in as-rolled, soft annealed or quench and tempered condition

Similar designations

30NCD14, 2534, Wnr 1.6659

Chemical composition

Variant	Cast	Weldability		C %	Si %	Mn %	P %	S %	Cr %	Ni %	Mo %
453C	IC	CEV 0.98_max	Min	0.30	0.20	0.50	-	0.015	1.05	3.05	0.22
453C	IC	Pcm 0.53_max	Max	0.34	0.30	0.65	0.020	0.025	1.20	3.35	0.27

Mechanical Properties

Variant	Condition	Format	Dimension [mm]	Yield strength min [MPa]	Tensile strength [MPa]	Elongation A₅ [%]	Hardness	Impact (ISO-V) strength_min
Rp_0.2 * R_eh, ** R_el
453C	+A	Round bar	-	-	-	-	250 HB typical	-
	+AR	Round bar	< 100	1200**	< 1500	7	450-500 HB	-
	+QT	Round bar	< 160	900**	1100 typical	12	330-400 HB	20 °C 25 J (long)
	+QT	Round bar	< 250	700**	900 typical	15	270-330 HB	20 °C 30 J (long)

Quench & Tempering: 850°C, Quench in oil and Temper in 600°C/1h

Transformation temperatures

	Temperature °C
AC1	690
AC3	768

Heat treatment recommendations

Treatment	Condition	Temperature cycle	Cooling/quenching
Hot forging	+AR	850-1150°C	In air
Normalizing	+N	840-870°C	In air
Quench & Tempering	+QT	820-850°C	In oil or in air

Heat Treatment Guide generated Graphs

The following graphs are generated from a theoretical model. For further info see the Heat treatment guide module. Select a specific grade version for individual display.

Steel cleanliness

Micro inclusions - steel grade Ovako 453C									Macro inclusions - 453C
Applied standard	ASTM E45								Applied standard	ISO 3763 (Blue fracture)
Sampling	ASTM A295								Sampling	Statistical testing on billets
Maximum average limits	A		B		C		D		Limits	< 5 mm/dm²
	Th	He	Th	He	Th	He	Th	He
	2.5	1.5	1.0	0.5	0	0	0.5	0.5

SUSTAINABILITY-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DATA

At Ovako sustainability and reduction of our environmental impact is a major focus in everything we do.
Further information is found here.

In many international comparisons the crude steel Scope 1-2 emission is a key parameter, ie. the CO₂ emission from the steel works itself.
As of 1 January 2022 we carbon offset all our scope 1 and 2 volume shown below.

Steel works	Hofors	Smedjebacken	Imatra
CO2e/kg	120	62	76

To get the full picture of our products environmental impact we have to look at all of our CO₂ emission sources.
Not only the steel work Scope 1-2 itself, but all operations downstream in our production, heating and heat treatment furnaces etc (full scope 1-2) as well as all the emission from input material, eg. alloys, scope 3.

Steel Grade	Format	Condition	Scope 1-3 (CO2e kg /1000 kg steel)	Climate compensated Net emission = Scope 3 (CO2e kg /1000 kg steel) Scope 1 - 2 = 0 (compensated)
453C	Round bar	+AR	1150	754
453C	Round bar	+A	1164	758
453C	Tube,wall	+AR	1205	802
453C	Tube,wall	+A	1207	802

As of 1 January 2022 we use carbon offset for all our scope 1- 2 emissions, so in practice the climate compensated data is the same as the full Scope 3 level.
All above data are to be seen as typical values for the specified format and condition. Detailed information about your specific product please contact your sales contact.

Other properties (typical values)

Youngs module (GPa)	Poisson´s ratio (-)	Shear module (GPa)	Density (kg/m3)
210	0.3	80	7800
Average CTE 20-300°C (µm/m°K)	Specific heat capacity 50/100°C (J/kg°K)	Thermal conductivity Ambient temperature (W/m°K)	Electrical resistivityAmbient temperature (µΩm)
12	460 - 480	40 - 45	0.20 - 0.25

Contact us

Would you like to know more about our offers? Don´t hesitate to contact us:

Via e-mail: info@ovako.com

Via telephone: +46 8 622 1300

For more detailed information please visit http://www.ovako.com/en/Contact-Ovako/

Disclaimer

The information in this document is for illustrative purposes only. The data and examples are only general recommendations and not a warranty or a guarantee. The suitability of a product for a specific application can be confirmed only by Ovako once given the actual conditions.The purchaser of an Ovako product has the responsibility to ascertain and control the applicability of the products before using them. Continuous development may necessitate changes in technical data without notice. This document is only valid for Ovako material. Other material, covering the same international specifications, does not necessarily comply with the properties presented in this document.

General information
Chemical composition
Mechanical properties
Transformation temp.
Heat treatment
HTG Graphs
Sustainability